Chinese health officials are closely monitoring an uptick in human metapneumovirus (HMPV) cases, raising concerns about the spread of respiratory infections. However, experts emphasize that the outbreak remains manageable and poses a low risk of escalating into a pandemic akin to COVID-19, Reuters reported.

Despite the surge, health authorities are urging calm. “The overall scale and intensity of respiratory infectious diseases in China this year are lower than last year,” a World Health Organization spokesperson stated, according to ABC News.

In the United States, HMPV cases have also risen, with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reporting that 1.94% of weekly tests returned positive for the virus as of December 28, 2024.

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The CDC confirmed to USA Today that it is monitoring the situation in China while maintaining that the current reports are not a cause for concern in the U.S. “CDC is aware of reported increases of HMPV in China and is in regular contact with international partners,” the agency said.

What is human metapneumovirus (HMPV)?

Understanding the virus

HMPV, first identified in 2001, is part of the pneumoviridae family, which also includes respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It can cause upper and lower respiratory infections and spreads via person-to-person contact or contaminated surfaces.

Symptoms

Similar to seasonal colds, HMPV symptoms include cough, nasal congestion, fever, and shortness of breath. However, in some cases, it can progress to bronchitis or pneumonia, particularly in vulnerable groups such as young children and adults over 65. The CDC notes that the virus has an incubation period of three to six days and primarily circulates during winter and spring.

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Treatment options

Currently, there are no vaccines or specific antiviral treatments for HMPV. The Cleveland Clinic advises supportive care, which may include oxygen therapy for individuals experiencing severe respiratory distress.

Prevention measures

Health experts stress the importance of preventive steps to reduce the spread of HMPV:

• Hand Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
• Avoid Face Touching: Refrain from touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.
• Limit Contact: Avoid close interactions with individuals showing symptoms of illness.

For those exhibiting cold-like symptoms, the CDC recommends additional measures:

• Covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
• Regularly washing hands with soap and water.
• Avoid sharing utensils and personal items.
• Staying home when feeling unwell.

Looking ahead

While the increase in HMPV cases warrants vigilance, health officials globally remain optimistic that the virus can be effectively managed through public awareness and preventive actions.