Fewer international students are applying to US colleges this year, marking a potential turning point in global higher education flows. Early data indicate that India, long the engine of US international enrollment, is now driving the steepest drop.

This article explains what’s behind the downturn, how Trump-era policies are influencing student trends, and why the shift matters for universities, applicants, and global mobility.

Why international applications to US colleges are declining

International applications through November 1 fell 9 percent year over year, according to new data from the Common App. This is the largest early-season drop since the pandemic recovery cycle began.

Several forces are converging: changing visa rules, increased scrutiny from federal agencies, and renewed reliance on standardized test requirements.

India’s unexpected reversal

Applications from India fell 14 percent, the first drop since 2020.
This matters because:

• India is the largest source of foreign students in US higher education
• Indian applicants typically apply in large, sustained waves
• A single-year drop from India can swing total global application numbers

Unlike previous years, the decline is broad-based across undergraduate aspirants, STEM applicants, and students who traditionally pursue master’s programs after arriving in the US.

How other regions are shifting

The Common App snapshot shows:

• Africa: down 18 percent
• Asia (excluding India): down 9 percent
• China: down 1 percent, halting last year’s surge
• Vietnam and Uzbekistan: the only major countries with increases

How Trump-era policies are reshaping foreign student interest

The White House’s current approach to visa enforcement, campus activism, and university oversight is directly influencing the admissions landscape.

Increased visa revocations and restrictions

Since the summer, the federal government has:

• Revoked thousands of student visas
• Arrested students tied to pro-Palestinian demonstrations
• Restricted visa interviews
• Added new layers of application requirements

Universities with large overseas populations report noticeable increases in visa delays, resulting in missed start dates or deferred enrollment.

Federal investigations targeting universities

The administration has launched investigations into several schools, examining:

• International admissions practices
• Handling of antisemitism complaints
• Compliance with visa and reporting regulations

Two notable settlements illustrate the pressure:

Cornell University settlement

Cornell agreed to a deal that restored roughly $250 million in federal funding in exchange for:

• Investing $30 million over three years in agricultural research
• Paying another $30 million directly to the federal government

Columbia University deal

Columbia is committed to:

• Reducing financial dependency on foreign enrollment
• Supporting federal immigration enforcement for students who violate visa rules

These high-profile cases serve as warnings to other institutions with large international populations.

Why India’s decline matters for the future of US higher education

Financial impact on universities

American universities rely heavily on full-tuition international students to:

• Subsidize domestic financial aid
• Support research and graduate programs
• Keep smaller departments financially viable

A sustained decline from India—the most tuition-reliable group after China—would create funding stress across both public and private campuses.

Shifts in global competitiveness

The US is already competing with Canada, the UK, Australia, and Germany for the same global talent pool.

Indian applicants are now weighing:

• Faster visa processing in Canada
• More generous post-study work options in Australia
• Less political uncertainty in Germany

If the US becomes perceived as unpredictable or unwelcoming, long-term student mobility may realign toward more stable destinations.

Influence on STEM and tech talent

India supplies a significant share of STEM enrollments, especially in computer science, engineering, and AI-related fields.
Fewer Indian applicants could mean:

• Smaller graduate cohorts
• Reduced research capacity
• Long-term impacts on US tech workforce pipelines

This is particularly relevant as tech employers continue pushing for more H-1B visa reforms.

Are standardized tests making a comeback?

One early sign of policy impact: the share of students reporting SAT or ACT scores has risen 11 per cent over last year.

The Trump administration has urged colleges to reinstate standardized testing requirements, reversing the pandemic-era trend of test-optional admissions.

If more universities adopt mandatory test policies again, international applicants—especially those in regions with limited testing access—may face new hurdles.

What does this mean for the rest of the 2025 application cycle

The current data only captures early applications. The cycle runs through March, and historically, mid-season trends can shift.

However, last year’s pattern suggests caution: early applications increased, only to dip slightly by the spring due to visa crackdowns.

If US policies continue tightening, universities may need to:

• Diversify their recruitment strategies
• Strengthen domestic pipelines
• Build programs that reduce reliance on full-fee international students

For applicants abroad, especially in India, the calculus may now include political stability and perceived campus climate—factors rarely dominant in past admissions cycles.

TL;DR

• International applications to US colleges are down 9 per cent.
• India fuels the decline with a 14 per cent drop—the first since 2020.
• Trump-era visa restrictions, investigations, and testing requirements are influencing applicant behavior.
• Universities face potential financial and enrollment pressures if the trend continues.
• Global competitors may benefit as Indian students look for predictable, welcoming destinations.