Quick Summary

The NCAA has issued some of the harshest penalties in recent memory to the University of Michigan football program following a years-long investigation into the Michigan sign-stealing scandal and recruiting violations scheme. Former head coach Jim Harbaugh faces a 10-year show-cause order starting in 2028, current head coach Sherrone Moore will serve a three-game suspension across two seasons, and the school will pay fines reportedly exceeding $20 million.

What did the NCAA find in the Michigan sign-stealing case?

The Division I Committee on Infractions (COI) determined that Michigan committed multiple Level I and Level II violations from 2021 to 2023, including

• Off-campus, in-person scouting in violation of NCAA rules.
• Impermissible recruiting inducements and communications with prospects.
• Failure to cooperate with the investigation.
• Head coach responsibility violations by Harbaugh.
• Institutional failure to monitor the football program.

The investigation centered on former staffer Connor Stalions, who allegedly organized a covert network, dubbed the “KGB” by participants, to scout 13 opponents over 52 games, buying tickets and filming signals from the stands. Evidence included $35,000 in ticket purchases in 2022 alone, along with witness interviews, transfer data, and physical proof.

The role of Connor Stalions and the “Central Michigan disguise” incident

Perhaps the most brazen episode occurred in 2023, when Stalions attended a Central Michigan vs. Michigan State game in full Central Michigan coaching attire and a bench pass. The COI says he was there both to decode Michigan State’s signals and to assist a Central Michigan staff member in play calling.

The panel noted that the full extent of the competitive advantage from the scheme may never be known due to destruction of materials and withholding of evidence.

Complete list of NCAA penalties against Michigan football

The sanctions go far beyond individual suspensions. Michigan now faces:

Program-Level Penalties

• Four years of probation.
• $50,000 fine plus 10% of the football program’s budget.
• Fine equal to lost postseason revenue for 2025 and 2026.
• Fine equal to 10% of 2025–26 football scholarships.
• 25% reduction in official visits during 2025–26.
• 14-week ban on recruiting communications during probation.

Individual Penalties

• Jim Harbaugh: 10-year show-cause (starting 2028), barred from athletic activities.
• Sherrone Moore: Two-year show-cause; three-game suspension (two in 2025, one in 2026).
• Connor Stalions: Eight-year show-cause.
• Denard Robinson (former player personnel director): Three-year show-cause.

Why are the penalties so severe

The COI classified the bulk of the infractions — including the sign-stealing and Harbaugh’s refusal to cooperate — as Level I violations, the NCAA’s most serious category.

Key aggravating factors included:

• The scheme’s duration (three seasons).
• Direct participation by multiple staff members.
• Efforts to mislead investigators.
• The destruction of potential evidence.

By comparison, recent NCAA show-cause penalties for major football programs have typically ranged from 1–5 years. Harbaugh’s 10-year sanction stands out as one of the longest in modern NCAA history.

Impact on Michigan’s future seasons

Financially, the loss of postseason revenue sharing—especially from potential College Football Playoff appearances — could exceed $20 million, affecting budgets for recruiting, staffing, and facilities.

Recruiting will also be hampered by:

• Fewer official visits.
• Significant communication restrictions.
• Scholarship cuts.

While Moore will remain eligible to coach most games in 2025 and 2026, missing early-season matchups (including a Big Ten opener vs. Nebraska) could influence conference standings.

How does this compare to other NCAA scandals

This case echoes past high-profile sanctions, such as:

• 2010 USC football penalties (Reggie Bush benefits)—two-year postseason ban, 30 lost scholarships.
• 2017 Louisville basketball sanctions—vacation of wins, coach suspension.

However, Michigan’s combination of multi-year scouting violations, multiple high-level staff implicated, and failure to cooperate gives it a scope that is both broader and more organized than most recent infraction cases.

The lone coach cleared Chris Partridge

Former linebackers coach Chris Partridge was fired by Michigan in 2023 during the investigation, but ultimately received no NCAA penalties. The COI concluded his only infraction was a single impermissible text to a prospect, which stopped immediately upon realizing the recruit’s age. Partridge now works in the NFL with the Seattle Seahawks.

Why this matters for college football

The Michigan case is likely to spark renewed debates over:

• Whether in-person scouting should remain prohibited in the age of advanced video technology.
• How the NCAA enforces penalties when multiple staffers — not just a head coach — are involved.
• The effectiveness of show-cause orders, especially against coaches who may leave for the NFL.

The NCAA’s decision also reinforces a message: failing to cooperate can dramatically worsen penalties, sometimes more than the underlying violations themselves.